The Indian council of agricultural research (ICAR)& Kerala agricultural university has developed varieties of black pepper .The main motive is developing high-yield and disease-resistant black pepper varieties, significantly growing the spices’ production in the state. The varieties are given below.
Panniyur-1
It is a variety released from Pepper Research Station, Panniyur. Panniyur I is the world first hybrid pepper variety. This variety is suited for open areas of all pepper growing regions. However, do not tolerate heavy shade. It Average yield is 1242 kg/ha (dry). Suitable for white pepper production.
Panniyur-2
It is a variety released from Pepper Research Station, Panniyur. Panniyur 2 is an open pollinated progeny of Balan Kotta. This variety is shade tolerant and suited to all pepper growing areas of Kerala. It is a high yielding and alternate bearing variety. It gives 2570 kg berries per year.
Panniyur-3
Panniyur-3: It is a variety released from Pepper Research Station, Panniyur. Panniyur 3 is a hybrid variety developed from Uthirankotta and Cheriyakaniyakadan. It is a late maturing pepper variety. This variety is suited to all pepper growing regions of Kerala. It gives 1953 kg berries per year.
Panniyur-4
It is a variety released from Pepper Research Station, Panniyur. Panniyur 4 is a clonal selection of Kuthiravally. It is a high yielding and regular bearing variety. It is suited to all pepper growing tracts of Kerala. The variety performs well under adverse climatic conditions. It gives 1277 kg/ha (dry) berries per year.
Panniyur-5
It is a variety released from Pepper Research Station, Panniyur. Panniyur 5 is an open pollinated progeny of Perumkodi. It Is a high yielding and regular bearing variety. This variety is suited to all pepper growing tracts. It is tolerant to nursery diseases. It gives 1098 kg/ha (dry) berries per year.
Panniyur-6
It is a variety released from Pepper Research Station, Panniyur. Panniyur 6 is a selection from a local cultivar Karimunda. It gives stable and regular yield and performs well under open as well as partial shaded conditions. Special attribute of this variety is production of a greater number of spikes per unit area with close setting and attractive bold medium berries. It has an average yield 2127 kg dry pepper/ha and potential yield 3359 kg dry pepper/ha.
Panniyur-7
It is a variety released from Pepper Research Station, Panniyur. Panniyur 7 is a vigorous, hardy and a regular bearing variety. It is recommended for Kerala under open conditions and partial shade. It has high piperine content and has long spike. It gives an average yield of 1410 kg dry pepper/ha and has potential yield of 2770 kg dry pepper/ha.
Panniyur 8
It is a variety released from Pepper Research Station, Panniyur. The variety tolerant to drought and quick wilt disease.
Sree kara
It is adaptable to various climatic conditions in all the pepper growing tracts. Gives high quality pepper. Use only clonal planting material. Some features about sreekara are, its Maturity group is medium. Yield is 2677kg dry pepper/ha, potential yield is 4200kg dry pepper/ha. quality attribute is Piperine 5.1%, Oleoresin 13.0%, and Essential oil 7.0%. It morphological characters are Leaf length is 11.6/6.2cm, leaf shape is ovate, spike length is 8.6 cm.
Subhakara
Subh kara is a clonal selection of Kari Munda developed from IISR, Calicut. All pepper growing tracts of Kerala and southern Karnataka. It is a high yielding and a regular bearing variety. The variety has wider adaptability and produce high quality pepper. It gives 2352 kg/ha (dry) berries per year.
Panchami
It is Suited to all pepper growing tracts of Kerala and South Karnataka. This is high yielding variety with excellent fruit set. Spike twisted in appearance due to high fruit set. Oleoresin content is high. Use only clonal planting material. It Is a high yielding and a regular bearing variety. It gives 2828 kg/ha (dry)berries per year.
Malabar excels
It is a variety released from IISR, Calicut. Suitable for high elevation and plains. Malabar Excel is hybrid of chloramide X Panniyur-1 developed from IISR, Calicut. Its maturity group is medium. It has Elliptic Lanceolate leaf. Average yield (kg/ha) 1440. Dry yield % 32.3.
The Indian council of agricultural research (ICAR)& Kerala agricultural university has made different contributions to the development of black pepper varieties in the region. The main motive is developing high-yield and disease-resistant black pepper varieties.
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